China, and engage in short-term

Second, Kazakhstan can activate provisional rail routes to Georgia or China, and engage in short-term oil swap deals with regional partners such as Uzbekistan. These are operationally complex and financially inefficient, but useful for short-term flexibility. Third, contractual adjustments within the CPC framework may reduce exposure to procedural risk. Measures such as liability segmentation, export volume guarantees, or pre-clearance protocols can buffer volatility, though they do not address the underlying structural dependency. หนังใหม่2025